Alberto Pinzon-Charry1, Michael F Good. 1. PO Royal Brisbane Hospital, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Brisbane 4029, Australia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Malaria is a significant health problem causing morbidity and mortality worldwide. Vaccine development has been an imperative for decades. However, the intricacy of the parasite's lifecycle coupled with the lack of evidence for robust infection-induced immunity has made vaccine development exceptionally difficult. OBJECTIVE: To review some of the key advances in the field and discuss potential ways forward for a whole-organism vaccine. METHODS: The authors searched PubMed using the words 'malaria and vaccine'. We searched for manuscripts detailing antigen characterisation and vaccine strategies with emphasis on subunit versus whole-parasite approaches. Abstracts were selected and relevant articles are discussed. The searches were not restricted by language or date. CONCLUSIONS: The early cloning of malaria antigens has fuelled rapid development of subunit vaccines. However, the disappointing results of clinical trials have resulted in reappraisal of current strategies. Whole-parasite approaches have re-emerged as an alternative strategy. Immunization using radiation or genetically attenuated sporozoites has been shown to result in sterile immunity and immunization with blood-stage parasites curtailed by antimalarials has demonstrated delayed parasitemia in rodent models as well as in human malaria.
BACKGROUND:Malaria is a significant health problem causing morbidity and mortality worldwide. Vaccine development has been an imperative for decades. However, the intricacy of the parasite's lifecycle coupled with the lack of evidence for robust infection-induced immunity has made vaccine development exceptionally difficult. OBJECTIVE: To review some of the key advances in the field and discuss potential ways forward for a whole-organism vaccine. METHODS: The authors searched PubMed using the words 'malaria and vaccine'. We searched for manuscripts detailing antigen characterisation and vaccine strategies with emphasis on subunit versus whole-parasite approaches. Abstracts were selected and relevant articles are discussed. The searches were not restricted by language or date. CONCLUSIONS: The early cloning of malaria antigens has fuelled rapid development of subunit vaccines. However, the disappointing results of clinical trials have resulted in reappraisal of current strategies. Whole-parasite approaches have re-emerged as an alternative strategy. Immunization using radiation or genetically attenuated sporozoites has been shown to result in sterile immunity and immunization with blood-stage parasites curtailed by antimalarials has demonstrated delayed parasitemia in rodent models as well as in humanmalaria.
Authors: Alberto Pinzon-Charry; Tonia Woodberry; Vivian Kienzle; Virginia McPhun; Gabriela Minigo; Daniel A Lampah; Enny Kenangalem; Christian Engwerda; J Alejandro López; Nicholas M Anstey; Michael F Good Journal: J Exp Med Date: 2013-07-08 Impact factor: 14.307
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Authors: Sara E White; Steven A Harvey; Graciela Meza; Alejandro Llanos; Mitchel Guzman; Dionicia Gamboa; Joseph M Vinetz Journal: Malar J Date: 2018-04-27 Impact factor: 2.979
Authors: Ben C L van Schaijk; Chris J Janse; Geert-Jan van Gemert; Melissa R van Dijk; Audrey Gego; Jean-Francois Franetich; Marga van de Vegte-Bolmer; Samir Yalaoui; Olivier Silvie; Stephen L Hoffman; Andrew P Waters; Dominique Mazier; Robert W Sauerwein; Shahid M Khan Journal: PLoS One Date: 2008-10-28 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Ahmad Syibli Othman; Blandine M Franke-Fayard; Takashi Imai; Esmé T I van der Gracht; Anke Redeker; Ahmed M Salman; Catherin Marin-Mogollon; Jai Ramesar; Séverine Chevalley-Maurel; Chris J Janse; Ramon Arens; Shahid M Khan Journal: Front Cell Infect Microbiol Date: 2018-07-19 Impact factor: 5.293