OBJECTIVE: The Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD) statement provided guidelines for investigators conducting diagnostic accuracy studies. We reviewed each item in the statement for its applicability to clinical examination diagnostic accuracy research, viewing each discrete aspect of the history and physical examination as a diagnostic test. SETTING: Nonsystematic review of the STARD statement. INTERVENTIONS: Two former STARD Group participants and 1 editor of a journal series on clinical examination research reviewed each STARD item. Suggested interpretations and comments were shared to develop consensus. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The STARD Statement applies generally well to clinical examination diagnostic accuracy studies. Three items are the most important for clinical examination diagnostic accuracy studies, and investigators should pay particular attention to their requirements: describe carefully the patient recruitment process, describe participant sampling and address if patients were from a consecutive series, and describe whether the clinicians were masked to the reference standard tests and whether the interpretation of the reference standard test was masked to the clinical examination components or overall clinical impression. The consideration of these and the other STARD items in clinical examination diagnostic research studies would improve the quality of investigations and strengthen conclusions reached by practicing clinicians. CONCLUSIONS: The STARD statement provides a very useful framework for diagnostic accuracy studies. The group correctly anticipated that there would be nuances applicable to studies of the clinical examination. We offer guidance that should enhance their usefulness to investigators embarking on original studies of a patient's history and physical examination.
OBJECTIVE: The Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD) statement provided guidelines for investigators conducting diagnostic accuracy studies. We reviewed each item in the statement for its applicability to clinical examination diagnostic accuracy research, viewing each discrete aspect of the history and physical examination as a diagnostic test. SETTING: Nonsystematic review of the STARD statement. INTERVENTIONS: Two former STARD Group participants and 1 editor of a journal series on clinical examination research reviewed each STARD item. Suggested interpretations and comments were shared to develop consensus. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The STARD Statement applies generally well to clinical examination diagnostic accuracy studies. Three items are the most important for clinical examination diagnostic accuracy studies, and investigators should pay particular attention to their requirements: describe carefully the patient recruitment process, describe participant sampling and address if patients were from a consecutive series, and describe whether the clinicians were masked to the reference standard tests and whether the interpretation of the reference standard test was masked to the clinical examination components or overall clinical impression. The consideration of these and the other STARD items in clinical examination diagnostic research studies would improve the quality of investigations and strengthen conclusions reached by practicing clinicians. CONCLUSIONS: The STARD statement provides a very useful framework for diagnostic accuracy studies. The group correctly anticipated that there would be nuances applicable to studies of the clinical examination. We offer guidance that should enhance their usefulness to investigators embarking on original studies of a patient's history and physical examination.
Authors: Patrick M Bossuyt; Johannes B Reitsma; David E Bruns; Constantine A Gatsonis; Paul P Glasziou; Les M Irwig; David Moher; Drummond Rennie; Henrica C W de Vet; Jeroen G Lijmer Journal: Clin Chem Date: 2003-01 Impact factor: 8.327
Authors: Bart Hiemstra; Geert Koster; Renske Wiersema; Yoran M Hummel; Pim van der Harst; Harold Snieder; Ruben J Eck; Thomas Kaufmann; Thomas W L Scheeren; Anders Perner; Jørn Wetterslev; Anne Marie G A de Smet; Frederik Keus; Iwan C C van der Horst Journal: Intensive Care Med Date: 2019-01-31 Impact factor: 17.440
Authors: S Décary; M Fallaha; B Pelletier; P Frémont; J Martel-Pelletier; J-P Pelletier; D E Feldman; M-P Sylvestre; P-A Vendittoli; F Desmeules Journal: BMC Musculoskelet Disord Date: 2017-11-14 Impact factor: 2.362
Authors: Jeffrey M Caterino; David M Kline; Robert Leininger; Lauren T Southerland; Christopher R Carpenter; Christopher W Baugh; Daniel J Pallin; Katherine M Hunold; Kurt B Stevenson Journal: J Am Geriatr Soc Date: 2018-11-22 Impact factor: 5.562
Authors: Rebecca F Gottesman; Priti Sharma; Karen A Robinson; Martinson Arnan; Megan Tsui; Ali Saber-Tehrani; David E Newman-Toker Journal: Neurologist Date: 2012-09 Impact factor: 1.398
Authors: Christopher R Carpenter; Adnan M Hussain; Michael J Ward; Gregory J Zipfel; Susan Fowler; Jesse M Pines; Marco L A Sivilotti Journal: Acad Emerg Med Date: 2016-09-06 Impact factor: 3.451
Authors: Enitan D Carrol; Limangeni A Mankhambo; Graham Jeffers; Deborah Parker; Malcolm Guiver; Paul Newland; Daniel L Banda; Elizabeth M Molyneux; Robert S Heyderman; Malcolm E Molyneux; C Anthony Hart Journal: PLoS One Date: 2009-08-13 Impact factor: 3.240