Atypical Plasmodium vivax malaria in a traveler: bilateral hydronephrosis, severe thrombocytopenia, and hypotension.

We report a case of Plasmodium vivax infection manifested as severe thrombocytopenia, bilateral hydronephrosis, and hypotension in a returning traveler from a malaria-endemic area in Venezuela. While most of the efforts to prevent malaria in travelers focus on the life-threatening consequences of Plasmodium falciparum malaria, nonimmune travelers who encounter infection with P vivax may also develop serious complications. This case highlights the importance of preventing malaria cases among nonimmune or semi-immune individuals traveling to P vivax-endemic areas.