Microtubule sliding in flagellar axonemes of Chlamydomonas mutants missing inner- or outer-arm dynein: velocity measurements on new types of mutants by an improved method.

To help understand the functional properties of inner and outer dynein arms in axonemal motility, sliding velocities of outer doublets were measured in disintegrating axonemes of Chlamydomonas mutants lacking either of the arms. Measurements under improved solution conditions yielded significantly higher sliding velocities than those observed in a previous study [Okagaki and Kamiya, 1986, J. Cell Biol. 103:1895-1902]. As in the previous study, it was found that the velocities in axonemes of wild type (wt) and a mutant (oda1) missing the outer arm differ greatly: 18.5 +/- 4.1 microns/sec for wt and 4.4 +/- 2.3 microns/sec for oda1 at 0.5 mM Mg-ATP. In contrast, axonemes of two types of mutants (ida2 and ida4) that lacked different sets of two inner-arm heavy chains displayed velocities almost identical with the wild-type velocity. Moreover, axonemes of a non-motile double mutant ida2 X ida4 underwent sliding disintegration at a similar high velocity, although less frequently than in axonemes of single mutants. These observations support the hypothesis that the inner and outer dynein arms in disintegrating axonemes drive microtubules at different speeds and it is the faster outer arm that determines the overall speed when both arms are present. The inner arm may be important for the initiation of sliding. The axoneme thus appears to be equipped with two (or more) types of motors with different intrinsic speeds.