Psychological considerations for chronic orofacial pain.

This article presents an overview of psychologic and behavioral issues related to chronic orofacial pains. Clinicians are first introduced to the role that biobehavioral issues play in the onset and maintenance of orofacial pains. Specific foundational principles for the development of successful biobehavioral interventions are then presented and examples of successful biobehavioral treatment programs for orofacial pains are described. Positive outcomes in chronic orofacial pain management often require a multidimensional approach to treatment because of the complexity of dysfunctions. The principles and procedures outlined in this article can guide the development of effective biobehavioral management approaches for orofacial pain conditions.