Survival of a patient with pulmonary Cunninghamella bertholletiae infection without surgical intervention.

Mucormycosis is an uncommon fungal infection, which generally develops in immunosuppressed hosts. In particular, pulmonary infection by Cunninghamella bertholletiae, a rare species of Mucor, is characterized by invasiveness and high mortality. Herein a case of pulmonary mucormycosis due to C. bertholletiae in a female patient with chronic renal insufficiency, secondary to microscopic polyarteritis, is reported. The patient survived after successful treatment with a cumulative dose of 1508 mg of amphotericin B, phased reduction of glucocorticoid therapy and chest tube drainage of a pneumothorax, without the necessity for surgical intervention. This case demonstrates that conservative therapy may be effective in patients for whom surgical intervention is not an option.