Adaptor protein 3BP2 and cherubism.

The adaptor protein 3BP2 (c-Abl Src homology 3 domain-binding protein-2, also referred to SH3BP2) is known to play a regulatory role in signaling from immunoreceptors. In mast cells, 3BP2 is rapidly tyrosine phosphorylated by the aggregation of the high affinity IgE receptor and the overexpression of its SH2 domain results in the dramatic suppression of IgE-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-alpha, Ca2+ mobilization and degranulation. 3BP2 is a substrate of the protein-tyrosine kinase Syk, which phosphorylates it on Tyr174, Tyr183, and Tyr446 (in the mouse protein). Phosphorylation of Tyr183 promotes the activation of Rac1 through the interaction with the SH2 domain of Vav1. Phosphorylation of Tyr446 induces the binding to the SH2 domain of the upstream protein-tyrosine kinase Lyn and enhances its kinase activity. Thus, 3BP2 has a positive regulatory role in IgE-mediated mast cell activation. In lymphocytes, engagement of T cell or B cell receptors triggers tyrosine phosphorylation of 3BP2. Suppression of the 3BP2 expression by siRNA results in the inhibition of T cell or B cell receptor-mediated activation of NFAT. Genetic analyses reveal that 3BP2 is required for the proliferation of B cells and B cell receptor signaling. Point mutations of the 3BP2 gene cause the rare human inherited disorder cherubism, characterized by excessive bone resorption in the jaw bones. These mutations include substitution and deletion mutations of 3BP2. "Cherubism" mice exhibit increased myeloid cell responses to M-CSF and RANKL leading to the activation of osteoclasts. Further analysis could demonstrate that inhibition of 3BP2 might have therapeutic potential.