OBJECTIVES: Adenosine receptor activation at reperfusion has been shown to ameliorate ischemia-reperfusion injury of the spinal cord, but the effects of therapy given in response to ischemic injury are unknown. We hypothesized that adenosine receptor activation with ATL-146e would produce similar protection from ischemic spinal cord injury, whether given at reperfusion or in a delayed fashion. METHODS: Twenty-two New Zealand white rabbits were divided into three groups. All three groups, including the ischemia-reperfusion group (IR, n = 8), underwent 45 min of infrarenal aortic occlusion. The early treatment group (early, n = 8) received 0.06 mug/kg/min of ATL-146e for 3 h beginning 10 min prior to reperfusion. The delayed treatment group (delayed, n = 6) received ATL-146e starting 1 h after reperfusion. After 48 h, hind limb function was graded using the Tarlov score. Finally, lumbar spinal cord neuronal cytoarchitecture was evaluated. RESULTS: Hemodynamic parameters were similar among the groups. Hind limb function at 48 h was significantly better in the early group (3.5 +/- 1.0) compared to the IR group (0.625 +/- 0.5, P < or = 0.01). There was a trend towards better hind limb function in the early group compared to the delayed group (2.4 +/- 1.1, P = 0.08). Hind limb function was similar between delayed and IR groups. Hematoxylin-eosin spinal cord sections demonstrated preservation of viable motor neurons in the early group compared to the delayed and IR groups. CONCLUSIONS: Early therapy with ATL-146e provided better protection in this study; therefore, therapy should not be delayed until there is evidence of ischemic neurological deficit. This study suggests that adenosine receptor activation is most effective as a preventive strategy at reperfusion for optimal protection in spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury.
OBJECTIVES: Adenosine receptor activation at reperfusion has been shown to ameliorate ischemia-reperfusion injury of the spinal cord, but the effects of therapy given in response to ischemic injury are unknown. We hypothesized that adenosine receptor activation with ATL-146e would produce similar protection from ischemic spinal cord injury, whether given at reperfusion or in a delayed fashion. METHODS: Twenty-two New Zealand white rabbits were divided into three groups. All three groups, including the ischemia-reperfusion group (IR, n = 8), underwent 45 min of infrarenal aortic occlusion. The early treatment group (early, n = 8) received 0.06 mug/kg/min of ATL-146e for 3 h beginning 10 min prior to reperfusion. The delayed treatment group (delayed, n = 6) received ATL-146e starting 1 h after reperfusion. After 48 h, hind limb function was graded using the Tarlov score. Finally, lumbar spinal cord neuronal cytoarchitecture was evaluated. RESULTS: Hemodynamic parameters were similar among the groups. Hind limb function at 48 h was significantly better in the early group (3.5 +/- 1.0) compared to the IR group (0.625 +/- 0.5, P < or = 0.01). There was a trend towards better hind limb function in the early group compared to the delayed group (2.4 +/- 1.1, P = 0.08). Hind limb function was similar between delayed and IR groups. Hematoxylin-eosin spinal cord sections demonstrated preservation of viable motor neurons in the early group compared to the delayed and IR groups. CONCLUSIONS: Early therapy with ATL-146e provided better protection in this study; therefore, therapy should not be delayed until there is evidence of ischemic neurological deficit. This study suggests that adenosine receptor activation is most effective as a preventive strategy at reperfusion for optimal protection in spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Authors: D C Cassada; C G Tribble; A K Kaza; S M Fiser; S M Long; J Linden; J M Rieger; I L Kron; J A Kern Journal: Surgery Date: 2001-08 Impact factor: 3.982
Authors: D C Cassada; C G Tribble; V E Laubach; B N Nguyen; J M Rieger; J Linden; A K Kaza; S M Long; I L Kron; J A Kern Journal: J Vasc Surg Date: 2001-09 Impact factor: 4.268
Authors: David C Cassada; Curtis G Tribble; Stewart M Long; Victor E Laubach; Aditya K Kaza; Joel Linden; Bao-Ngoc Nguyen; Jayson M Rieger; Steven M Fiser; Irving L Kron; John A Kern Journal: J Vasc Surg Date: 2002-05 Impact factor: 4.268
Authors: David C Cassada; Curtis G Tribble; Stewart M Long; Aditya K Kaza; Joel Linden; Jayson M Rieger; Diane Rosin; Irving L Kron; John A Kern Journal: Ann Thorac Surg Date: 2002-09 Impact factor: 4.330
Authors: D C Cassada; J J Gangemi; J M Rieger; J Linden; A K Kaza; S M Long; I L Kron; C G Tribble; J A Kern Journal: Ann Thorac Surg Date: 2001-10 Impact factor: 4.330