Elisabeth M Hodson1, Stephen I Alexander. 1. Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia. Elisah@chw.edu.au
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review examines new literature published in 2006 and 2007 on steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome. RECENT FINDINGS: Steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome has long been thought to be due to lymphocyte-derived circulating factors leading to podocyte injury with subsequent proteinuria. New studies support this mechanism and implicate the T helper 2 cytokine IL-13. In addition a genetic mutation in familial nephrotic syndrome has been reported in a child, who responded to corticosteroid therapy. There are new clinical trial data supporting the efficacy of levamisole in steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome and preliminary trial data on mycophenolate mofetil supporting its efficacy as a steroid-sparing agent. Case reports support the use of the B cell-depleting antibody rituximab in steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome. Finally there is a meta-analysis of six studies suggesting an increase in the incidence of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis in steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome over the last 20 years. SUMMARY: Progress has been made towards elucidating the cause of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome. Data from adequately powered randomized controlled trials are still required to evaluate therapies for frequently relapsing and steroid-dependent steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review examines new literature published in 2006 and 2007 on steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome. RECENT FINDINGS:Steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome has long been thought to be due to lymphocyte-derived circulating factors leading to podocyte injury with subsequent proteinuria. New studies support this mechanism and implicate the T helper 2 cytokine IL-13. In addition a genetic mutation in familial nephrotic syndrome has been reported in a child, who responded to corticosteroid therapy. There are new clinical trial data supporting the efficacy of levamisole in steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome and preliminary trial data on mycophenolate mofetil supporting its efficacy as a steroid-sparing agent. Case reports support the use of the B cell-depleting antibody rituximab in steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome. Finally there is a meta-analysis of six studies suggesting an increase in the incidence of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis in steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome over the last 20 years. SUMMARY: Progress has been made towards elucidating the cause of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome. Data from adequately powered randomized controlled trials are still required to evaluate therapies for frequently relapsing and steroid-dependent steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome.
Authors: Jonathan P Troost; Debbie S Gipson; Noelle E Carlozzi; Bryce B Reeve; Patrick H Nachman; Rasheed Gbadegesin; Jichuan Wang; Frank Modersitzki; Susan Massengill; John D Mahan; Yang Liu; Howard Trachtman; Emily G Herreshoff; Darren A DeWalt; David T Selewski Journal: Health Psychol Date: 2019-05 Impact factor: 4.267