Calibrated fMRI in the medial temporal lobe during a memory-encoding task.

Prior measures of the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) responses to a memory-encoding task within the medial temporal lobe have suggested that the coupling between functional changes in CBF and changes in the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO(2)) may be tighter in the medial temporal lobe as compared to the primary sensory areas. In this study, we used a calibrated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) approach to directly estimate memory-encoding-related changes in CMRO(2) and to assess the coupling between CBF and CMRO(2) in the medial temporal lobe. The CBF-CMRO(2) coupling ratio was estimated using a linear fit to the flow and metabolism changes observed across subjects. In addition, we examined the effect of region-of-interest (ROI) selection on the estimates. In response to the memory-encoding task, CMRO(2) increased by 23.1+/-8.8% to 25.3+/-5.7% (depending upon ROI), with an estimated CBF-CMRO(2) coupling ratio of 1.66+/-0.07 to 1.75+/-0.16. There was not a significant effect of ROI selection on either the CMRO(2) or coupling ratio estimates. The observed coupling ratios were significantly lower than the values (2 to 4.5) that have been reported in previous calibrated fMRI studies of the visual and motor cortices. In addition, the estimated coupling ratio was found to be less sensitive to the calibration procedure for functional responses in the medial temporal lobe as compared to the primary sensory areas.