Cross-sectional imaging evaluation of renal masses.

Most renal masses are neoplastic in origin. Recent advances in cytogenetics and oncology continue to expand our knowledge of the genesis and biology of renal tumors with their attendant implications on patient management. Current state-of-the-art CT and MR imaging technology permit improved detection and better characterization of renal masses. Refinements in surgical techniques and the use of novel ablative technologies to treat patients who have renal masses allow optimal management, with reduced morbidity and mortality. Elucidation of specific oncologic pathways in renal cell carcinomas has led to the development of molecularly targeted therapies. The critical role of cross-sectional imaging techniques in the diagnosis, surveillance, and management of patients who have renal masses continues to expand.