Interventional uroradiology.

With advances in imaging capabilities and percutaneous instruments, many urologic diseases that were once managed surgically are now managed with minimally invasive image-guided techniques. Interventional uroradiology has evolved from simple renal biopsies for diagnostic confirmation, to percutaneous management of stones, to ablation of renal and adrenal tumors. Central to this evolution is the close cooperation with the urologist and nephrologist, each of whom provides specific skill sets and knowledge that can be used to successfully manage the patient. The purpose of this article is to detail the wide range of image-guided interventional techniques, including a discussion of indications, methods, success rates, and complications.