Cultivation of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells in vitro: immunocytochemical and ultrastructural characterization and effect of treatment with three synthetic retinoids.

A new reliable and reproducible technique to culture endothelial cells from the small vessels and capillaries of human skin is introduced, and proliferation and differentiation of the growing cells are characterized. The endothelial origin of the culture cells was confirmed by light- and electron microscopy and by labelling with Ulex europaeus Agglutinin I and an antibody against Factor VIII-related antigen. Further immunocytochemical characterization showed that 92-100% of the cells were positive for beta 2-microglobulin and the entire cell population expressed vimentin, whereas cytokeratins, desmin, HLA-DR antigen, Leu 6 and S 100 protein, could not be detected. As vascular endothelium is a common site of inflammation and retinoids have been shown to be of good clinical efficacy in some chronic inflammatory skin diseases, we investigated the influence of etretinate, etretin and isotretinoin on proliferation and antigen expression of our culture cells. All retinoids applied inhibited proliferation of endothelial cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner whereas they induced neither HLA-DR nor intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Furthermore, none of the retinoids applied influenced the gamma-interferon-induced expression of these surface antigens on endothelial cells. Our results suggest that the action of retinoids in skin inflammation is not mediated by modulation of HLA-DR or ICAM-1. The cell culture technique described here is an interesting and reliable model for studying the influence of drugs on endothelial cell growth and differentiation in vitro.