Should hunting mortality mimic the patterns of natural mortality?

With growing concerns about the impact of selective harvesting on natural populations, researchers encourage managers to implement harvest regimes that avoid or minimize the potential for demographic and evolutionary side effects. A seemingly intuitive recommendation is to implement harvest regimes that mimic natural mortality patterns. Using stochastic simulations based on a model of risk as a logistic function of a normally distributed biological trait variable, we evaluate the validity of this recommendation when the objective is to minimize the altering effect of harvest on the immediate post-mortality distribution of the trait. We show that, in the absence of compensatory mortality, harvest mimicking natural mortality leads to amplification of the biasing effect expected after natural mortality, whereas an unbiased harvest does not alter the post-mortality trait distribution that would be expected in the absence of harvest. Although our approach focuses only on a subset of many possible objectives for harvest management, it illustrates that a single strategy, such as hunting mimicking natural mortality, may be insufficient to address the complexities of different management objectives with potentially conflicting solutions.