Improving rational drug use in Africa: the example of Sudan.

The aim of this review is to determine the extent of irrational drug use and contributing factors in Sudan and to identify the interventions that need to be strengthened to promote the rational use of drugs in the country and to evaluate the impact of different types of intervention. We present an overview of studies describing patterns of drug prescribing, dispensing and self-medication. Rates for inappropriate prescribing and dispensing practices and prevalence of self-medication with antimicrobials and herbal products were alarmingly high. Indicators of rational drug use have worsened over the past decade despite the implementation of managerial, regulatory and training interventions. Multifaceted interventions have proved effective in changing suboptimal prescribing practices. Educational interventions are needed to address self-medication and adherence.