Concepts and terminology on plant/pest relationships: toward consensus in plant pathology and crop protection.

In plant pathology , terminological confusion still reigns despite national attempts at standardization. Terminological agreements reached within the crop protection community in The Netherlands are elaborated here and presented as an endeavor toward international consensus. Much of the on-going terminological disconcert derives from differences in outlook between academically oriented biologists (including biologically trained pathologists) and pathologists working in and for agricultural institutions where disease and harm have anthropocentric connotations. The name crop protection science more realistically covers and marks the field dealt with by most plant pathologists, and adoption of the FAO-defined term pest to encompass all biotic factors that are harmful to plants and their products is advocated. The effect of pests on plants and the interrelationships between pests and plants in dependence upon the environment, topical in resistance breeding, are especially dealt with. A diagrammatic model is used to better describe these relationships and to define the terms that denote the phenomena and mechanisms involved.