BACKGROUND: Oncolytic virotherapy offers a unique treatment modality for prostate cancer, especially stages that are resistant to current therapies, with the additional benefit of preferentially targeting tumor cells amongst an environment of healthy tissue. Herein, the low pathogenic enteroviruses; Coxsackievirus A21 (CVA21), as well as a bio-selected variant of Coxsackievirus A21 (CVA21-DAFv) and Echovirus 1 (EV1) are evaluated as novel oncolytic agents against human prostate cancer. METHODS: The surface expression of viral receptors required for enterovirus cell attachment/entry, including intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), decay-accelerating factor (DAF) and integrin alpha(2)beta(1) on a number of human prostate cancer lines was assessed by flow cytometry. Susceptibility to viral oncolysis was determined via in vitro cell lysis assays performed on cell monolayers cultured in micro titer plates. The in vivo oncolytic efficacy of the enteroviruses was assessed using xenograft models in immune compromised SCID-mice following systemic challenge. RESULTS: The majority of prostate cancer lines tested expressed surface ICAM-1 and/or DAF, or alpha(2)beta(1), facilitating significant degrees of oncolysis following in vitro viral challenge. Systemic delivery of each of the three viruses induced reduction of xenograft tumor burdens in vivo, and a therapeutic dose-response was demonstrated for escalating doses of EV1 in the LNCaP animal model. CONCLUSION: Enteroviruses CVA21, CVA21-DAFv, and EV1 are potentially potent oncolytic agents against human prostate cancer.
BACKGROUND: Oncolytic virotherapy offers a unique treatment modality for prostate cancer, especially stages that are resistant to current therapies, with the additional benefit of preferentially targeting tumor cells amongst an environment of healthy tissue. Herein, the low pathogenic enteroviruses; Coxsackievirus A21 (CVA21), as well as a bio-selected variant of Coxsackievirus A21 (CVA21-DAFv) and Echovirus 1 (EV1) are evaluated as novel oncolytic agents against humanprostate cancer. METHODS: The surface expression of viral receptors required for enterovirus cell attachment/entry, including intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), decay-accelerating factor (DAF) and integrin alpha(2)beta(1) on a number of humanprostate cancer lines was assessed by flow cytometry. Susceptibility to viral oncolysis was determined via in vitro cell lysis assays performed on cell monolayers cultured in micro titer plates. The in vivo oncolytic efficacy of the enteroviruses was assessed using xenograft models in immune compromised SCID-mice following systemic challenge. RESULTS: The majority of prostate cancer lines tested expressed surface ICAM-1 and/or DAF, or alpha(2)beta(1), facilitating significant degrees of oncolysis following in vitro viral challenge. Systemic delivery of each of the three viruses induced reduction of xenograft tumor burdens in vivo, and a therapeutic dose-response was demonstrated for escalating doses of EV1 in the LNCaP animal model. CONCLUSION: Enteroviruses CVA21, CVA21-DAFv, and EV1 are potentially potent oncolytic agents against humanprostate cancer.
Authors: Douglas W Sborov; Gerard J Nuovo; Andrew Stiff; Thomas Mace; Gregory B Lesinski; Don M Benson; Yvonne A Efebera; Ashley E Rosko; Flavia Pichiorri; Michael R Grever; Craig C Hofmeister Journal: Clin Cancer Res Date: 2014-10-07 Impact factor: 12.531
Authors: Fraser Conrad; Xiaodong Zhu; Xin Zhang; Robert J Chalkley; Alma L Burlingame; James D Marks; Bin Liu Journal: J Mol Med (Berl) Date: 2009-02-14 Impact factor: 4.599
Authors: Joe Goldufsky; Shanthi Sivendran; Sara Harcharik; Michael Pan; Sebastian Bernardo; Richard H Stern; Philip Friedlander; Carl E Ruby; Yvonne Saenger; Howard L Kaufman Journal: Oncolytic Virother Date: 2013-09-23
Authors: Stephen J Russell; Mark J Federspiel; Kah-Whye Peng; Caili Tong; David Dingli; William G Morice; Val Lowe; Michael K O'Connor; Robert A Kyle; Nelson Leung; Francis K Buadi; S Vincent Rajkumar; Morie A Gertz; Martha Q Lacy; Angela Dispenzieri Journal: Mayo Clin Proc Date: 2014-05-14 Impact factor: 7.616