Optical mapping analysis of the spatiotemporal pattern of experimental tachyarrhythmia in improved isolated rat atrium preparation.

We have studied the experimental tachyarrhythmia in an improved isolated rat atrial preparation for the optical mapping of excitation spread. The atrial preparation, including the right or left auricle, was dissected from the adult rat heart, and an artificial hole was made in the center of the preparation. The preparation was then stained with a fast merocyanine-rhodanine voltage-sensitive dye (NK2761). Using a multi-element (16 x 16) photodiode array, the spread of excitation was assessed optically by timing the initiation of the action potential-related extrinsic absorption changes. In comparison with the intact isolated right atrial preparation, which we used previously, the mapping of the excitation spread was much easier and more precise because of the simple structure of the preparation. The electrical stimulation applied by a bipolar electrode evoked the sustained excitation with a fast rhythm, which we termed "experimental tachyarrhythmia" (ET). We optically mapped the spatiotemporal patterns of the spread of excitation during the initiation and the maintenance phases of ET. In most cases, a rotation of the excitatory wave around the artificial hole, i.e., a circus movement of the excitatory wave, was observed. These maps suggest that this circus movement resembles the basic mechanism of the tachycardia-like excitation observed in the intact isolated right atrial preparation. On the other hand, the appearance of an ectopic pacemaker with a fast rhythm was also observed. In some examples, two ectopic pacemakers appeared simultaneously. We consider that the experiment using the improved preparation is a superb in vitro model of atrial arrhythmia.