Marc Gh Besselink1, Hjalmar C van Santvoort1, Erik Buskens2, Marja A Boermeester3, Harry van Goor4, Harro M Timmerman1, Vincent B Nieuwenhuijs5, Thomas L Bollen6, Bert van Ramshorst7, Ben Jm Witteman8, Camiel Rosman9, Rutger J Ploeg5, Menno A Brink10, Alexander Fm Schaapherder11, Cornelis Hc Dejong12, Peter J Wahab13, Cees Jhm van Laarhoven14, Erwin van der Harst15, Casper Hj van Eijck16, Miguel A Cuesta17, Louis Ma Akkermans1, Hein G Gooszen18. 1. Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. 2. Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands. 3. Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands. 4. Department of Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands. 5. Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands. 6. Department of Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands. 7. Department of Surgery, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands. 8. Department of Gastroenterology, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, Netherlands. 9. Department of Surgery, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands. 10. Department of Gastroenterology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, Netherlands. 11. Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands. 12. Department of Surgery and NUTRIM, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands. 13. Department of Gastroenterology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, Netherlands. 14. Department of Surgery, St Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, Netherlands. 15. Department of Surgery, Medical Center Rijnmond Zuid, Rotterdam, Netherlands. 16. Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands. 17. Department of Surgery, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands. 18. Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. Electronic address: h.gooszen@umcutrecht.nl.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:Infectious complications and associated mortality are a major concern in acute pancreatitis. Enteral administration of probiotics could prevent infectious complications, but convincing evidence is scarce. Our aim was to assess the effects of probiotic prophylaxis in patients with predicted severe acute pancreatitis. METHODS: In this multicentre randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 298 patients with predicted severe acute pancreatitis (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation [APACHE II] score > or =8, Imrie score > or =3, or C-reactive protein >150 mg/L) were randomly assigned within 72 h of onset of symptoms to receive a multispecies probiotic preparation (n=153) or placebo (n=145), administered enterally twice daily for 28 days. The primary endpoint was the composite of infectious complications--ie, infected pancreatic necrosis, bacteraemia, pneumonia, urosepsis, or infected ascites--during admission and 90-day follow-up. Analyses were by intention to treat. This study is registered, number ISRCTN38327949. FINDINGS: One person in each group was excluded from analyses because of incorrect diagnoses of pancreatitis; thus, 152 individuals in the probiotics group and 144 in theplacebo group were analysed. Groups were much the same at baseline in terms of patients' characteristics and disease severity. Infectious complications occurred in 46 (30%) patients in the probiotics group and 41 (28%) of those in the placebo group (relative risk 1.06, 95% CI 0.75-1.51). 24 (16%) patients in the probiotics group died, compared with nine (6%) in the placebo group (relative risk 2.53, 95% CI 1.22-5.25). Nine patients in the probiotics group developed bowel ischaemia (eight with fatal outcome), compared with none in the placebo group (p=0.004). INTERPRETATION: In patients with predicted severe acute pancreatitis, probiotic prophylaxis with this combination of probiotic strains did not reduce the risk of infectious complications and was associated with an increased risk of mortality. Probiotic prophylaxis should therefore not be administered in this category of patients.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: Infectious complications and associated mortality are a major concern in acute pancreatitis. Enteral administration of probiotics could prevent infectious complications, but convincing evidence is scarce. Our aim was to assess the effects of probiotic prophylaxis in patients with predicted severe acute pancreatitis. METHODS: In this multicentre randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 298 patients with predicted severe acute pancreatitis (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation [APACHE II] score > or =8, Imrie score > or =3, or C-reactive protein >150 mg/L) were randomly assigned within 72 h of onset of symptoms to receive a multispecies probiotic preparation (n=153) or placebo (n=145), administered enterally twice daily for 28 days. The primary endpoint was the composite of infectious complications--ie, infected pancreatic necrosis, bacteraemia, pneumonia, urosepsis, or infected ascites--during admission and 90-day follow-up. Analyses were by intention to treat. This study is registered, number ISRCTN38327949. FINDINGS: One person in each group was excluded from analyses because of incorrect diagnoses of pancreatitis; thus, 152 individuals in the probiotics group and 144 in the placebo group were analysed. Groups were much the same at baseline in terms of patients' characteristics and disease severity. Infectious complications occurred in 46 (30%) patients in the probiotics group and 41 (28%) of those in the placebo group (relative risk 1.06, 95% CI 0.75-1.51). 24 (16%) patients in the probiotics group died, compared with nine (6%) in the placebo group (relative risk 2.53, 95% CI 1.22-5.25). Nine patients in the probiotics group developed bowel ischaemia (eight with fatal outcome), compared with none in the placebo group (p=0.004). INTERPRETATION: In patients with predicted severe acute pancreatitis, probiotic prophylaxis with this combination of probiotic strains did not reduce the risk of infectious complications and was associated with an increased risk of mortality. Probiotic prophylaxis should therefore not be administered in this category of patients.
Authors: Gregor Reid; Estelle Gaudier; Francisco Guarner; Gary B Huffnagle; Jean M Macklaim; Alicia M Munoz; Margaret Martini; Tamar Ringel-Kulka; Balfour Sartor; Robert Unal; Kristin Verbeke; Jens Walter Journal: Gut Microbes Date: 2010 May-Jun
Authors: Neerja Hajela; B S Ramakrishna; G Balakrish Nair; Philip Abraham; Sarath Gopalan; Nirmal K Ganguly Journal: Indian J Gastroenterol Date: 2015-04-29