Intraperitoneal rupture of ectopic varices: two case reports and a review of literature.

Intraperitoneal rupture of ectopic varices is a rare complication of portal hypertension. Few case reports have been published in the literature. We report 2 cases of ectopic varices with intraperitoneal hemorrhage. This review details their presentation, hospital course and treatment. The first patient was managed conservatively, and second had a successful TIPS (transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt). Few guidelines for treatment are available. The management is individualized according to the condition of the patient and the resources available. Objectives of management include early diagnosis, aggressive fluid resuscitation, correction of coagulopathy, reduction of portal hypertension and if possible direct control of the bleeding vessel.