Transfection by electroporation.

Electroporation--the use of high-voltage electric shocks to introduce DNA into cells--can be used with most cell types, yields a high frequency of both stable transformation and transient gene expression, and, because it requires fewer steps, can be easier than alternate techniques. In this unit, the describes the electroporation of mammalian cells and an outlines modifications for preparation and transfection of plant protoplasts.