BACKGROUND: The term "cardiorenal syndrome" has generally been reserved for declining renal function in the setting of advanced congestive heart failure. Considering the complex and bi-directional relationship between the heart and the kidneys, we postulate refining the definition to recognize the symbiotic nature of these organs. DISCUSSION: We divide the cardiorenal syndrome into five subtypes: type I, acute cardiorenal syndrome; type II, chronic cardiorenal syndrome; type III, acute renocardiac syndrome; type IV, chronic renocardiac syndrome; and type V, secondary cardiorenal syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: As early recognition of dysfunction in one organ may prove important in mitigating the spiral of co-dysfunction in both, the need for early and treatment-guiding biomarkers, along with their characteristics, are also discussed.
BACKGROUND: The term "cardiorenal syndrome" has generally been reserved for declining renal function in the setting of advanced congestive heart failure. Considering the complex and bi-directional relationship between the heart and the kidneys, we postulate refining the definition to recognize the symbiotic nature of these organs. DISCUSSION: We divide the cardiorenal syndrome into five subtypes: type I, acute cardiorenal syndrome; type II, chronic cardiorenal syndrome; type III, acute renocardiac syndrome; type IV, chronic renocardiac syndrome; and type V, secondary cardiorenal syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: As early recognition of dysfunction in one organ may prove important in mitigating the spiral of co-dysfunction in both, the need for early and treatment-guiding biomarkers, along with their characteristics, are also discussed.
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Authors: Claudio Ronco; Peter McCullough; Stefan D Anker; Inder Anand; Nadia Aspromonte; Sean M Bagshaw; Rinaldo Bellomo; Tomas Berl; Ilona Bobek; Dinna N Cruz; Luciano Daliento; Andrew Davenport; Mikko Haapio; Hans Hillege; Andrew A House; Nevin Katz; Alan Maisel; Sunil Mankad; Pierluigi Zanco; Alexandre Mebazaa; Alberto Palazzuoli; Federico Ronco; Andrew Shaw; Geoff Sheinfeld; Sachin Soni; Giorgio Vescovo; Nereo Zamperetti; Piotr Ponikowski Journal: Eur Heart J Date: 2009-12-25 Impact factor: 29.983