New visuospatial associations by training verbospatial mappings in the first language.

We investigated whether verbospatial and visuospatial information share a common representation. Wedemonstrate that when the associations from spatial words to spatial responses are altered, so that the word LEFT becomes associated with a right response and the word RIGHT with a left response, the associations from the spatial locations left and right to the spatial responses also change. This effect was only observed for first-language spatial words (Dutch) and not for second-language spatial words (French), and it did not increase when these languages were combined. The findings argue for shared spatial representations f ordifferent types of spatialinput.