OBJECTIVE: To assess the costs incurred by the public health services and patients as a result of tuberculosis (TB) treatment. Setting The study was conducted in a government hospital located in the northern region of Malaysia. METHOD: Retrospective data were collected from medical records and the patients were observed until the completion of their medication. A pharmacoeconomic evaluation was applied to calculate direct and indirect costs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Direct and indirect costs of tuberculosis treatment in a government health institution. RESULTS: Two hundred and one tuberculosis patients were included in the study. Different regimens with various durations of treatments were used. The direct medical and non-medical costs as well as indirect costs were calculated and were found to be as follows: US$61.44 for anti-tuberculosis drugs and supplies, US$28.63 for X-ray examinations, US$28.53 for laboratory tests, US$20.03 for healthcare staff time, US$4.28 for hospitalisation, US$43.20 for overhead costs, US$608.11 for transportation and meals and US$118.78 for time away from work. The cost to the patients constitutes approximately 80% of the total cost of the treatment. CONCLUSION: The cost of treating the illness of tuberculosis per patient was US$916.4. The cost of anti-tuberculosis drugs constituted the highest proportion of the cost to the public health services (31.7%) while the cost to the patient constituted the major proportion of the total cost of the illness (79.4%).
OBJECTIVE: To assess the costs incurred by the public health services and patients as a result of tuberculosis (TB) treatment. Setting The study was conducted in a government hospital located in the northern region of Malaysia. METHOD: Retrospective data were collected from medical records and the patients were observed until the completion of their medication. A pharmacoeconomic evaluation was applied to calculate direct and indirect costs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Direct and indirect costs of tuberculosis treatment in a government health institution. RESULTS: Two hundred and one tuberculosispatients were included in the study. Different regimens with various durations of treatments were used. The direct medical and non-medical costs as well as indirect costs were calculated and were found to be as follows: US$61.44 for anti-tuberculosis drugs and supplies, US$28.63 for X-ray examinations, US$28.53 for laboratory tests, US$20.03 for healthcare staff time, US$4.28 for hospitalisation, US$43.20 for overhead costs, US$608.11 for transportation and meals and US$118.78 for time away from work. The cost to the patients constitutes approximately 80% of the total cost of the treatment. CONCLUSION: The cost of treating the illness of tuberculosis per patient was US$916.4. The cost of anti-tuberculosis drugs constituted the highest proportion of the cost to the public health services (31.7%) while the cost to the patient constituted the major proportion of the total cost of the illness (79.4%).
Authors: Md Akramul Islam; Susumu Wakai; Nobukatsu Ishikawa; A M R Chowdhury; J Patrick Vaughan Journal: Bull World Health Organ Date: 2002 Impact factor: 9.408
Authors: David Guwatudde; Sarah Zalwango; Moses R Kamya; Sara M Debanne; Mireya I Diaz; Alphonse Okwera; Roy D Mugerwa; Charles King; Christopher C Whalen Journal: Bull World Health Organ Date: 2004-01-20 Impact factor: 9.408
Authors: H Y Chong; Z Mohamed; L L Tan; D B C Wu; F H Shabaruddin; M Dahlui; Y D Apalasamy; S R Snyder; M S Williams; J Hao; L H Cavallari; N Chaiyakunapruk Journal: Br J Dermatol Date: 2017-09-21 Impact factor: 9.302