BACKGROUND/AIM: Smoking is a recognized risk factor for pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to provide a robust estimate of the strength of the association between smoking and pancreatic cancer, to determine the risk of pipe and cigar smoking, and to estimate the duration of an elevated risk after smoking cessation. METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis of 82 published studies containing epidemiologic information about smoking and pancreatic cancer. Information on studies published between 1950 and 2007 was abstracted and prepared for analysis using standard meta-analytic procedures. RESULTS: The overall risk of pancreatic cancer estimated from the combined results for current and former smokers was, respectively, 1.74 (95% CI 1.61-1.87) and 1.2 (95% CI 1.11-1.29). The risk of pancreatic cancer for current and former pipe and/or cigar smokers was respectively 1.47 (95% CI 1.17-1.83) and 1.29 (95% CI 0.68-2.45). For former cigarette smokers, the risk remains elevated for a minimum of 10 years after cessation. CONCLUSIONS: Based on estimates from four continents, smoking cigarettes causes a 75% increase in the risk of pancreatic cancer compared to non-smokers, and the risk persists for a minimum of 10 years after smoking cessation. This implies that in a population where the prevalence of smoking is 30%, the population's attributable risk (the proportion of pancreatic cancer explained by smoking) is estimated to be 20%.
BACKGROUND/AIM: Smoking is a recognized risk factor for pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to provide a robust estimate of the strength of the association between smoking and pancreatic cancer, to determine the risk of pipe and cigar smoking, and to estimate the duration of an elevated risk after smoking cessation. METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis of 82 published studies containing epidemiologic information about smoking and pancreatic cancer. Information on studies published between 1950 and 2007 was abstracted and prepared for analysis using standard meta-analytic procedures. RESULTS: The overall risk of pancreatic cancer estimated from the combined results for current and former smokers was, respectively, 1.74 (95% CI 1.61-1.87) and 1.2 (95% CI 1.11-1.29). The risk of pancreatic cancer for current and former pipe and/or cigar smokers was respectively 1.47 (95% CI 1.17-1.83) and 1.29 (95% CI 0.68-2.45). For former cigarette smokers, the risk remains elevated for a minimum of 10 years after cessation. CONCLUSIONS: Based on estimates from four continents, smoking cigarettes causes a 75% increase in the risk of pancreatic cancer compared to non-smokers, and the risk persists for a minimum of 10 years after smoking cessation. This implies that in a population where the prevalence of smoking is 30%, the population's attributable risk (the proportion of pancreatic cancer explained by smoking) is estimated to be 20%.
Authors: Lisa Gallicchio; Anthony Kouzis; Jeanine M Genkinger; Alyce E Burke; Sandra C Hoffman; Marie Diener-West; Kathy J Helzlsouer; George W Comstock; Anthony J Alberg Journal: Prev Med Date: 2006-02-03 Impact factor: 4.018
Authors: H Tulinius; N Sigfússon; H Sigvaldason; K Bjarnadóttir; L Tryggvadóttir Journal: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Date: 1997-11 Impact factor: 4.254
Authors: Shannon M Lynch; Alina Vrieling; Jay H Lubin; Peter Kraft; Julie B Mendelsohn; Patricia Hartge; Federico Canzian; Emily Steplowski; Alan A Arslan; Myron Gross; Kathy Helzlsouer; Eric J Jacobs; Andrea LaCroix; Gloria Petersen; Wei Zheng; Demetrius Albanes; Laufey Amundadottir; Sheila A Bingham; Paolo Boffetta; Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault; Stephen J Chanock; Sandra Clipp; Robert N Hoover; Kevin Jacobs; Karen C Johnson; Charles Kooperberg; Juhua Luo; Catherine Messina; Domenico Palli; Alpa V Patel; Elio Riboli; Xiao-Ou Shu; Laudina Rodriguez Suarez; Gilles Thomas; Anne Tjønneland; Geoffrey S Tobias; Elissa Tong; Dimitrios Trichopoulos; Jarmo Virtamo; Weimin Ye; Kai Yu; Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquette; H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita; Rachael Z Stolzenberg-Solomon Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 2009-06-26 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: Kieran A Brune; Bryan Lau; Emily Palmisano; Marcia Canto; Michael G Goggins; Ralph H Hruban; Alison P Klein Journal: J Natl Cancer Inst Date: 2010-01-12 Impact factor: 13.506