Evidence-based efforts to prevent HIV infection: an overview of current status and future challenges.

Since the early 1990s, the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the United States has been approximately 40,000 cases per year. Because this rate has not decreased substantially in >15 years, the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of programs to prevent HIV infection have come under intensifying examination. In this article, several issues are addressed, including the efficacy of HIV prevention strategies at the national level in the United States, the status of the goals from the current (albeit expired) national HIV prevention plan, the role of opt-out HIV testing in a new comprehensive national HIV prevention plan, and a review of evidence-based prevention strategies that should be emphasized in a new plan.