Apoptosis in the lung: induction, clearance and detection.

Apoptosis and other forms of programmed cell death are important contributors to lung pathophysiology. In this brief review, we discuss some of the implications of finding apoptotic cells in the lung and methods for their detection. The balance between induction of apoptosis and the normally highly efficient clearance of such cells shows that these are highly dynamic processes and suggests that abnormalities of apoptotic cell clearance may be an alternative explanation for their detection. Because recognition of apoptotic cells by other lung cells has additional effects on inflammation, immunity, and tissue repair, local responses to the dying cells may also have important consequences in addition to the cell death itself.