OBJECTIVE: Vague terminology is a problem in cleft palate research. No classification scheme for palatal fistulas has been proposed to date. Although a well-healed velum is a significant outcome of palatoplasty, it is nearly impossible to compare fistula-related palatoplasty results in the literature or in medical records without a standardized vocabulary. We endeavor to devise a palatal fistula classification system that may have clinical and research applicability. DESIGN: PubMed was searched for definitions and classifications of palatal fistula as well as incidence and recurrence rates of this outcome. Next, a 25-year retrospective review of our Cleft Center's records was performed, and fistulas were identified (n=641 charts reviewed). The fistula descriptions yielded by this chart review were evaluated in the context of anatomical descriptions in the literature, and a clinician-friendly classification scheme was designed. RESULTS: A literature review failed to reveal a standardized fistula classification system. An anatomically based numerical fistula classification system was devised: type I, bifid uvula; type II, soft palate; type III, junction of the soft and hard palate; type IV, hard palate; type V, junction of the primary and secondary palates (for Veau IV clefts); type VI, lingual alveolar; and type VII, labial alveolar. CONCLUSIONS: We propose a standardized numerical classification system for palatal fistulas. Its clinical adoption may prospectively clarify ambiguities in the literature and facilitate future cleft palate research and clinical practice.
OBJECTIVE: Vague terminology is a problem in cleft palate research. No classification scheme for palatal fistulas has been proposed to date. Although a well-healed velum is a significant outcome of palatoplasty, it is nearly impossible to compare fistula-related palatoplasty results in the literature or in medical records without a standardized vocabulary. We endeavor to devise a palatal fistula classification system that may have clinical and research applicability. DESIGN: PubMed was searched for definitions and classifications of palatal fistula as well as incidence and recurrence rates of this outcome. Next, a 25-year retrospective review of our Cleft Center's records was performed, and fistulas were identified (n=641 charts reviewed). The fistula descriptions yielded by this chart review were evaluated in the context of anatomical descriptions in the literature, and a clinician-friendly classification scheme was designed. RESULTS: A literature review failed to reveal a standardized fistula classification system. An anatomically based numerical fistula classification system was devised: type I, bifid uvula; type II, soft palate; type III, junction of the soft and hard palate; type IV, hard palate; type V, junction of the primary and secondary palates (for Veau IV clefts); type VI, lingual alveolar; and type VII, labial alveolar. CONCLUSIONS: We propose a standardized numerical classification system for palatal fistulas. Its clinical adoption may prospectively clarify ambiguities in the literature and facilitate future cleft palate research and clinical practice.
Authors: Thomas J Sitzman; Raymond W Tse; Alexander C Allori; David M Fisher; Thomas D Samson; Stephen P Beals; Damir B Matic; Jeffrey R Marcus; Daniel H Grossoehme; Maria T Britto Journal: Plast Reconstr Surg Date: 2020-07 Impact factor: 4.730
Authors: Dennis C Nguyen; Kamlesh B Patel; Rajiv P Parikh; Gary B Skolnick; Albert S Woo Journal: J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg Date: 2016-03-29 Impact factor: 2.740
Authors: Alexis T Rothermel; Jaclyn N Lundberg; Thomas D Samson; Raymond W Tse; Alexander C Allori; Michael Bezuhly; Stephen P Beals; Thomas J Sitzman Journal: Cleft Palate Craniofac J Date: 2020-08-18