Neurodevelopmental screening in toddlers and early preschoolers with sickle cell disease.

Sickle cell disease is associated with an elevated risk for neurologic complications beginning in early childhood. Detecting higher-risk cases with developmental screening instruments may be a cost-effective method for identifying young children in need of more frequent or intensive assessment. We evaluated the validity of the Denver II test as a tool to detect lower levels of developmental attainment and their association with neurologic risk in 50 young children with sickle cell disease. Children with suspect Denver II outcomes showed lower scores for functional communication skills, had lower hematocrit percentage, higher mean velocities on transcranial Doppler ultrasound imaging, and were more likely to have had preterm birth. Validity of age equivalencies from specific Denver II areas was demonstrated for Language and Fine Motor scores, suggesting the instrument could be used to index children's developmental levels in these domains. The Denver II may be a useful behavioral screening tool for neurodevelopmental risk in sickle cell disease.