A prophenoloxidase from the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis: gene cloning, expression and activity analysis.

Prophenoloxidase (proPO) is a conserved copper-containing enzyme that plays important roles in immune response of crustaceans and insects. In the present study, the full-length cDNA of a prophenoloxidase (designated EsproPO) was cloned from haemocytes of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis by expressed sequence tag (EST) and PCR techniques. The isolated 3549bp full-length cDNA of EsproPO contained a 2040bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative proPO protein of 679 amino acids, a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 68bp, and a long 3'-UTR of 1441bp. Two putative copper-binding sites, a proteolytic activation site, and a complement-like motif (GCGWPQHM) were identified in the deduced amino acid sequence of EsproPO. Homology analysis revealed that EsproPO was highly similar to other proPOs from crustaceans with identities from 52% to 68%. The conserved domains and motifs, and higher similarity with other proPOs suggested that EsproPO was a member of the proPO family. The mRNA expression of EsproPO and PO specific activities in the tissues of hepatopancreas, gill, gonad, muscle, heart, eye and haemocytes were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and colorimetric assay, respectively. The mRNA transcripts of EsproPO and PO specific activities could be detected in all the examined tissues with the highest level both in hepatopancreas. Three peaks of EsproPO mRNA expression were recorded at 2h, 12h and 48h in haemocytes of Chinese mitten crab post Vibrio anguillarum challenge, which was consistent with the temporal profile of PO specific activity. The mRNA expression pattern and the activity fluctuation of EsproPO post V. anguillarum stimulation indicated that it was potentially involved in the acute response against invading bacteria in Chinese mitten crab.