Edgar Jones1, Ian Palmer, Simon Wessely. 1. Institute of Psychiatry and King's Centre for Military Health Research, Weston Education Centre, London SE5 9RJ. edgar.jones@iop.kcl.ac.uk
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To discover the content of enduring beliefs held by first world war veterans about their experience of having been gassed. DESIGN: Collection and thematic analysis of written and reported statements from a sample of veterans about gassing. SUBJECTS: 103 veterans with a war pension. RESULTS: Twelve themes were identified, which were related to individual statements. The systemic nature of chemical weapons played a key part in ideas and beliefs about their capacity to cause enduring harm to health. Unlike shrapnel or a bullet that had a defined physical presence, gas had unseen effects within the body, while its capacity to cause damage was apparent from vesicant effects to skin and eyes. The terror inspired by chemical weapons also served to maintain memories of being gassed, while anti-gas measures were themselves disconcerting or a source of discomfort. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic symptoms and work difficulties maintained beliefs about the potency of chemical weapons. In the period after the war, gas continued to inspire popular revulsion and was associated with a sense of unfairness.
OBJECTIVES: To discover the content of enduring beliefs held by first world war veterans about their experience of having been gassed. DESIGN: Collection and thematic analysis of written and reported statements from a sample of veterans about gassing. SUBJECTS: 103 veterans with a war pension. RESULTS: Twelve themes were identified, which were related to individual statements. The systemic nature of chemical weapons played a key part in ideas and beliefs about their capacity to cause enduring harm to health. Unlike shrapnel or a bullet that had a defined physical presence, gas had unseen effects within the body, while its capacity to cause damage was apparent from vesicant effects to skin and eyes. The terror inspired by chemical weapons also served to maintain memories of being gassed, while anti-gas measures were themselves disconcerting or a source of discomfort. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic symptoms and work difficulties maintained beliefs about the potency of chemical weapons. In the period after the war, gas continued to inspire popular revulsion and was associated with a sense of unfairness.
Authors: James R Riddle; Mark Brown; Tyler Smith; Elspeth Cameron Ritchie; Kelley Ann Brix; James Romano Journal: Mil Med Date: 2003-08 Impact factor: 1.437