Primary carcinoma of the gallbladder.

Carcinoma of the gallbladder is a relatively rare malignancy which is difficult to diagnose. The advent of improved imaging methods and the expansion of interventional radiology however, combined with advances in surgical technique, has produced a change in attitude towards this tumour. The available world literature since 1960 has been reviewed and is presented in this article. However, whilst the outlook for diagnosis and treatment is improving, clearly the association with cholelithiasis (between 45% and 100%), is a cause for concern particularly with the advent of treatments (lithotripsy, percutaneous gallstone extraction) which leave gall bladder mucosa and residual fragments of stone in situ.