Different enrichment procedures for recovery of Listeria monocytogenes from raw chicken samples can affect the results of detection (by chromogenic plating or real-time PCR) and lineage or strain identification.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different enrichment procedures on the detection of Listeria monocytogenes in food, by a comparison of subculture onto chromogenic agar with real-time PCR. Two different culture media, the primary and secondary enrichment broths of the U.S. Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) method used for PCR detection of L. monocytogenes, were compared for the primary enrichment of retail ground chicken samples. L. monocytogenes was detected after the completion of each enrichment procedure in 63% (complete FSIS procedure) and 60% (plain FSIS secondary enrichment broth incubated for 48 h) of the samples by both culture and PCR, whereas a combination of the results for the two enrichment procedures revealed 86% of the samples to be positive. Most of the samples analyzed contained a mixture of lineage I and II strains, and their ratio varied for each enrichment procedure. This mixture could have a significant effect on the result of detection of L. monocytogenes for each individual sample, explaining the increase in positive samples when the results of the two enrichment procedures were combined. The use of different isolation procedures can affect the specific samples identified as positive and the specific strains isolated.