CONTEXT: The sequence of prenatal growth restraint and infantile catch-up of weight is by the age of 4 yr associated with hyperinsulinemic adiposity. We studied whether the adiposity of post-catch-up children born small for gestational age (SGA) is further amplified between age 4 and 6 yr and whether visceral fat excess has already emerged by the age of 6 yr. SETTING: The study took place at a university hospital. STUDY POPULATION AND DESIGN: A longitudinal cohort (age 2-6 yr) of 22 children born appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and 29 born SGA were studied. Auxological, endocrine, metabolic, and body composition (by absorptiometry) assessments were made at 2, 4, and 6 yr, and visceral fat was assessed (by magnetic resonance imaging) at 6 yr. MAIN OUTCOMES: Outcome measures included fasting glucose, insulin, IGF-I, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, lean mass, and total, abdominal, and visceral fat mass. RESULTS: Between ages 4-6 yr, the relative adiposity of SGA children was further amplified. Between ages 2-6 yr, SGA children gained more total and abdominal fat and raised their insulin, IGF-I, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio more than did AGA children (all P<0.0001). At age 6 yr, the average amount of visceral fat was in SGA children more than 50% higher than in AGA children (P<0.005). The 0- to 2-yr increment in weight Z-score together with the 2- to 6-yr increment in fasting insulin accounted for 62% of visceral fat variability at age 6 yr. CONCLUSION: The amount of visceral fat is in post-catch-up SGA children excessive by the age of 6 yr. In populations at risk for type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome after fetal growth restraint, the time window for early intervention may have to be advanced into prepubertal childhood.
CONTEXT: The sequence of prenatal growth restraint and infantile catch-up of weight is by the age of 4 yr associated with hyperinsulinemic adiposity. We studied whether the adiposity of post-catch-up children born small for gestational age (SGA) is further amplified between age 4 and 6 yr and whether visceral fat excess has already emerged by the age of 6 yr. SETTING: The study took place at a university hospital. STUDY POPULATION AND DESIGN: A longitudinal cohort (age 2-6 yr) of 22 children born appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and 29 born SGA were studied. Auxological, endocrine, metabolic, and body composition (by absorptiometry) assessments were made at 2, 4, and 6 yr, and visceral fat was assessed (by magnetic resonance imaging) at 6 yr. MAIN OUTCOMES: Outcome measures included fasting glucose, insulin, IGF-I, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, lean mass, and total, abdominal, and visceral fat mass. RESULTS: Between ages 4-6 yr, the relative adiposity of SGA children was further amplified. Between ages 2-6 yr, SGA children gained more total and abdominal fat and raised their insulin, IGF-I, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio more than did AGA children (all P<0.0001). At age 6 yr, the average amount of visceral fat was in SGA children more than 50% higher than in AGA children (P<0.005). The 0- to 2-yr increment in weight Z-score together with the 2- to 6-yr increment in fasting insulin accounted for 62% of visceral fat variability at age 6 yr. CONCLUSION: The amount of visceral fat is in post-catch-up SGA children excessive by the age of 6 yr. In populations at risk for type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome after fetal growth restraint, the time window for early intervention may have to be advanced into prepubertal childhood.
Authors: C Giacomozzi; P Ghirri; R Lapolla; A Bartoli; G Scirè; L Serino; D Germani; A Boldrini; S Cianfarani Journal: J Endocrinol Invest Date: 2010-05-05 Impact factor: 4.256
Authors: R Malpique; J Bassols; A López-Bermejo; M Diaz; F Villarroya; J Pavia; A Congo; F de Zegher; L Ibáñez Journal: Int J Obes (Lond) Date: 2017-08-14 Impact factor: 5.095
Authors: Emily J McAllister; Nikhil V Dhurandhar; Scott W Keith; Louis J Aronne; Jamie Barger; Monica Baskin; Ruth M Benca; Joseph Biggio; Mary M Boggiano; Joe C Eisenmann; Mai Elobeid; Kevin R Fontaine; Peter Gluckman; Erin C Hanlon; Peter Katzmarzyk; Angelo Pietrobelli; David T Redden; Douglas M Ruden; Chenxi Wang; Robert A Waterland; Suzanne M Wright; David B Allison Journal: Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr Date: 2009-11 Impact factor: 11.176
Authors: Yi Ying Ong; Suresh Anand Sadananthan; Izzuddin M Aris; Mya Thway Tint; Wen Lun Yuan; Jonathan Y Huang; Yiong Huak Chan; Sharon Ng; See Ling Loy; Sendhil S Velan; Marielle V Fortier; Keith M Godfrey; Lynette Shek; Kok Hian Tan; Peter D Gluckman; Fabian Yap; Jonathan Tze Liang Choo; Lieng Hsi Ling; Karen Tan; Li Chen; Neerja Karnani; Yap-Seng Chong; Johan G Eriksson; Mary E Wlodek; Shiao-Yng Chan; Yung Seng Lee; Navin Michael Journal: Int J Epidemiol Date: 2020-10-01 Impact factor: 7.196