BACKGROUND: Viral hepatitis is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in developing countries. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) among the major etiological agents is responsible for both sporadic and epidemic outbreaks. The epidemic outbreak is water-borne whereas the sporadic outbreak is possibly through contact. Various diagnostic tools at times fail to pinpoint the cause of viral hepatitis. This study was carried out to evaluate the utility of ELISA and nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (nRT-PCR) for the diagnosis of sporadic and acute viral hepatitis (AVH) caused by HEV in an endemic situation in North India. METHODS: Serum samples were collected from all the affected and suspected persons and subjected to serological detection of HAV IgM, HBsAg, HCV antibody and HEV IgM. The samples that were positive for HEV IgM were further processed for the detection of HEV RNA by nRT-PCR. RESULTS: A total of 843 samples were collected from 685 patients with AVH, 70 patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), 53 patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), 11 patients with antituberculosis therapy (ATT)-induced jaundice, and 24 pregnant women. The percentage of positivity for anti-HEV IgM was 58.3% in the pregnant women, 41.4% in the patients with FHF, 38.6% in the patients with AVH, 9.4% in the patients with CLD and 18.2% in the patients with ATT induced jaundice. 9.4% of HBsAg carriers were positive for anti-HEV IgM. Males outnumbered females (62.8% vs. 37.1%). Furthermore, the rates of fulminant and acute outbreaks of hepatitis with HEV RNA positivity were 41.4% and 9.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Serological and molecular analysis should be combined for the diagnosis of viral infections, especially in endemic areas.
BACKGROUND:Viral hepatitis is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in developing countries. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) among the major etiological agents is responsible for both sporadic and epidemic outbreaks. The epidemic outbreak is water-borne whereas the sporadic outbreak is possibly through contact. Various diagnostic tools at times fail to pinpoint the cause of viral hepatitis. This study was carried out to evaluate the utility of ELISA and nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (nRT-PCR) for the diagnosis of sporadic and acute viral hepatitis (AVH) caused by HEV in an endemic situation in North India. METHODS: Serum samples were collected from all the affected and suspected persons and subjected to serological detection of HAV IgM, HBsAg, HCV antibody and HEV IgM. The samples that were positive for HEV IgM were further processed for the detection of HEV RNA by nRT-PCR. RESULTS: A total of 843 samples were collected from 685 patients with AVH, 70 patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), 53 patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), 11 patients with antituberculosis therapy (ATT)-induced jaundice, and 24 pregnant women. The percentage of positivity for anti-HEV IgM was 58.3% in the pregnant women, 41.4% in the patients with FHF, 38.6% in the patients with AVH, 9.4% in the patients with CLD and 18.2% in the patients with ATT induced jaundice. 9.4% of HBsAg carriers were positive for anti-HEV IgM. Males outnumbered females (62.8% vs. 37.1%). Furthermore, the rates of fulminant and acute outbreaks of hepatitis with HEV RNA positivity were 41.4% and 9.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Serological and molecular analysis should be combined for the diagnosis of viral infections, especially in endemic areas.
Authors: Rosario Vivek; Uday G Zachariah; Jeyamani Ramachandran; Chundamannil E Eapen; Deva P Rajan; Gagandeep Kang Journal: Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg Date: 2013-06 Impact factor: 2.184
Authors: Adel Hussein Elduma; Mai Mohammed Adam Zein; Marie Karlsson; Isam M E Elkhidir; Heléne Norder Journal: Viruses Date: 2016-10-06 Impact factor: 5.048
Authors: Jean Joel Bigna; Abdou Fatawou Modiyinji; Jobert Richie Nansseu; Marie A Amougou; Moise Nola; Sébastien Kenmoe; Elvis Temfack; Richard Njouom Journal: BMC Pregnancy Childbirth Date: 2020-07-28 Impact factor: 3.007
Authors: Repon C Paul; Arifa Nazneen; Kajal C Banik; Shariful Amin Sumon; Kishor K Paul; Arifa Akram; M Salim Uzzaman; Tahir Iqbal; Alexandra Tejada-Strop; Saleem Kamili; Stephen P Luby; Heather F Gidding; Andrew Hayen; Emily S Gurley Journal: PLoS Negl Trop Dis Date: 2020-01-21