BACKGROUND: While some prior studies have found higher rates of psychotic depression in those with bipolar disorder or a bipolar relative, others have failed to confirm these observations. We examined the relationship of psychotic depression to polarity in several large familial samples of mood disorder. METHODS: A total of 4,724 subjects with major mood disorder in three family studies on the genetics of bipolar I disorder (BPI) or recurrent major depressive disorder (MDDR) were administered semi-structured interviews by clinicians. Determination of psychotic features was based on a report of hallucinations and/or delusions during the most severe depressive episode in the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime Version or the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies interview. Rates of psychotic depression were calculated by diagnostic category and comparisons were made between diagnoses within and across studies using the generalized estimating equation. RESULTS: A diagnosis of BPI disorder was strongly predictive of psychotic features during depression compared to MDDR [odds ratio (OR) = 4.61, p < 0.0005]. Having bipolar II compared to MDDR was not predictive of psychosis (OR = 1.05, p = 0.260), nor was having a family history of BPI in MDDR subjects (OR = 1.20, p = 0.840). CONCLUSIONS: Psychotic features during a depressive episode increased the likelihood of a BPI diagnosis. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings. The potential genetic underpinnings of psychotic depression warrant further study.
BACKGROUND: While some prior studies have found higher rates of psychotic depression in those with bipolar disorder or a bipolar relative, others have failed to confirm these observations. We examined the relationship of psychotic depression to polarity in several large familial samples of mood disorder. METHODS: A total of 4,724 subjects with major mood disorder in three family studies on the genetics of bipolar I disorder (BPI) or recurrent major depressive disorder (MDDR) were administered semi-structured interviews by clinicians. Determination of psychotic features was based on a report of hallucinations and/or delusions during the most severe depressive episode in the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime Version or the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies interview. Rates of psychotic depression were calculated by diagnostic category and comparisons were made between diagnoses within and across studies using the generalized estimating equation. RESULTS: A diagnosis of BPI disorder was strongly predictive of psychotic features during depression compared to MDDR [odds ratio (OR) = 4.61, p < 0.0005]. Having bipolar II compared to MDDR was not predictive of psychosis (OR = 1.05, p = 0.260), nor was having a family history of BPI in MDDR subjects (OR = 1.20, p = 0.840). CONCLUSIONS:Psychotic features during a depressive episode increased the likelihood of a BPI diagnosis. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings. The potential genetic underpinnings of psychotic depression warrant further study.
Authors: Shashwath A Meda; Adrienne Gill; Michael C Stevens; Raymond P Lorenzoni; David C Glahn; Vince D Calhoun; John A Sweeney; Carol A Tamminga; Matcheri S Keshavan; Gunvant Thaker; Godfrey D Pearlson Journal: Biol Psychiatry Date: 2012-03-07 Impact factor: 13.382
Authors: G B Cassano; A Benvenuti; M Miniati; S Calugi; M Mula; L Maggi; P Rucci; A Fagiolini; F Perris; E Frank Journal: J Affect Disord Date: 2008-10-22 Impact factor: 4.839
Authors: Mark Zimmerman; Carolina Guzman Holst; Heather L Clark; Matthew Multach; Emily Walsh; Lia K Rosenstein; Douglas Gazarian Journal: CNS Drugs Date: 2016-12 Impact factor: 5.749
Authors: Guusje Collin; Martijn P van den Heuvel; Lucija Abramovic; Annabel Vreeker; Marcel A de Reus; Neeltje E M van Haren; Marco P M Boks; Roel A Ophoff; René S Kahn Journal: Hum Brain Mapp Date: 2015-10-10 Impact factor: 5.038
Authors: A K Leonpacher; D Liebers; M Pirooznia; D Jancic; D F MacKinnon; F M Mondimore; B Schweizer; J B Potash; P P Zandi; F S Goes Journal: Psychol Med Date: 2015-04-08 Impact factor: 7.723