Imaging of hypospadias: pre- and postoperative appearances.

Hypospadias is a common condition that is typically diagnosed and repaired in early life. Boys with hypospadias can present with complications from their surgery months to years later. Imaging in patients with hypospadias is usually accomplished by retrograde urethrography (RUG) and less commonly by voiding cystourethrography (VCUG). This pictorial essay demonstrates the fluoroscopic appearances of hypospadias preoperatively as well as the normal postoperative appearance and a variety of complications that can occur.