An evidence-based review of hyperbilirubinemia in the late preterm infant, with implications for practice: management, follow-up, and breastfeeding support.

As the incidence of late preterm births continues to rise, health care providers need to be aware of this population's unique needs. This review focuses on the additional risks late preterm infants encounter related to unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and the importance of breastfeeding support and follow-up. Additional, population-based studies concentrating on the late preterm infant are needed to determine more clearly the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia, with specific levels documented; incidence of ED visits and rehospitalizations related to hyperbilirubinemia; and incidence of bilirubin neurotoxicity with both short- and long-term follow-up. It is also important to study these outcomes in relation to the nature and degree of risk associated with early discharge, insufficient follow-up, and breastfeeding. Future research is needed to develop evidence-based recommendations for optimal discharge timing, counseling, and postdischarge follow-up of late preterm infants, particularly those who are breastfed, to promote safe patient care.