Homogeneous catalytic ozonation of C.I. Reactive Red 2 by metallic ions in a bubble column reactor.

This study elucidates the decolorization of C.I. Reactive Red 2 (RR2) by homogeneous catalytic ozonation. The effects of pH and catalyst dosage were evaluated in O3/Mn(II), O3/Fe(II), O3/Fe(III), O3/Zn(II), O3/Co(II) and O3/Ni(II) systems. In O3/Mn(II), O3/Fe(II) and O3/Fe(III) systems, increasing the catalyst concentration increased the rate of RR2 decolorization; however, further increasing the catalyst concentration caused no further significant increase. When 0.6 mM catalyst was added, the decolorization rates of O3/Mn(II), O3/Fe(II), O3/Fe(III), O3/Zn(II), O3/Co(II) and O3/Ni(II) systems at pH 2 were 3.295, 1.299, 1.278, 1.015, 0.843 and 0.822 min(-1), respectively. Under all of the experimental conditions, the decolorization efficiency of catalytic ozonation exceeded that of ozonation alone. The decolorization rate markedly exceeds the TOC removal rate in all tested systems. The effect of the radical scavenger on the catalytic ozonation processes suggests that the decolorization reaction in catalytic ozonation systems proceeds by mainly radical-type mechanisms, except in the O3/Mn(II) system.