Thermal ablation of hepatic malignancy: useful but still not optimal.

The mortality associated with primary and metastatic hepatic malignancies remains high because few patients are candidates for hepatic resection or transplantation. Resection is the most effective treatment for liver tumors but may be contraindicated by factors such as the tumor's location; hepatic transplantation can cure primary hepatocellular carcinoma and underlying cirrhosis, but a donor may not be immediately available. When resection or transplantation is not possible, thermal ablation is a reasonable therapeutic option. Effective destruction of tumors can be achieved with low recurrence rates and minimal complications or risk of death. In patients with primary hepatic malignancy, ablation treatment does not preclude subsequent transplantation. Although radiofrequency ablation is currently the most widely used thermal ablative technique for hepatic malignancy, microwave ablation is gaining popularity and eventually may prove to be more effective.