Necrotising fasciitis of upper and lower limb: a systematic review.

Necrotising fasciitis is a rapidly progressive, life threatening soft tissue infection. In a significant proportion of patients, the extremities are involved as a result of trauma, needle puncture or extravasation of drugs, often leading to limb loss and devastating disability. In this systematic review of necrotising fasciitis of the upper and lower extremities, we report on the clinical characteristics, the predisposing factors, the associated diseases, the pathogenic bacteria, the surgical treatment and the final outcome in terms of limb loss and mortality. Data for a total of 451 patients were analysed for each parameter of interest. A percentage of 22.3% of the reviewed patients underwent amputation or disarticulation of a limb following failure of multiple debridements to control infection and the mortality rate was estimated as high as 21.9%.