[Dr. Rosa Maria Rössler (Wien 1901 - Istanbul 1954): her work in Istanbul and her contribution to Turkish medicine].

During the Turkish University Reform in 1933 the Turkish Government invited many foreign scientists in order to assign them to Istanbul University. Almost all of them were scientists who had escaped from Hitler's Germany. In 1938, also some Austrian scientists who had to leave their country were included into the staff of Istanbul University. Dr. Rosa Maria Rössler, born in Vienna in 1901, came to Turkey in 1934, earlier than the other Austrians did. She worked in the Institute of Pathologic Anatomy of the Medical Faculty of Istanbul University permanently from 1937 under Prof. Dr. Philipp Schwartz; after ten years she moved to the 2(nd) Clinic for Internal Diseases under Prof. Dr. Erich Frank, in the same faculty. She participated in training sessions in both departments and translated books of both her superiors from German into Turkish. One of the most important reform goals of Turkish University was to provide students with modern textbooks. Rössler died in 1954, at a young age, in Turkey, where she had lived alone for twenty years. The article illustrates the impression she left in Turkish medicine.