Michal Emanuel1, Tal Jarus, Orit Bart. 1. Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Adult participants benefit more from external focus than internal focus when learning a new motor skill. Because learners from different age groups use different learning strategies, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether the effect of attention focus varies among children and adults. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirty-four children and 32 adults were randomly assigned to internal or external focus-of-attention practice groups. Throwing darts toward a static target, participants performed 50 acquisition trials, 20 retention trials, and 20 transfer trials. RESULTS: The results indicate that focus of attention varies between children and adults in accuracy and variability in the acquisition phase and in accuracy in the transfer phase. No interactions were found in the retention phase. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that external focus is more effective than internal focus in adults; therefore, physical therapists should instruct adult clients to focus their attention externally to facilitate motor learning. Physical therapists working with children should perhaps direct the client's attention internally; however, further study is needed.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Adult participants benefit more from external focus than internal focus when learning a new motor skill. Because learners from different age groups use different learning strategies, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether the effect of attention focus varies among children and adults. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirty-four children and 32 adults were randomly assigned to internal or external focus-of-attention practice groups. Throwing darts toward a static target, participants performed 50 acquisition trials, 20 retention trials, and 20 transfer trials. RESULTS: The results indicate that focus of attention varies between children and adults in accuracy and variability in the acquisition phase and in accuracy in the transfer phase. No interactions were found in the retention phase. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that external focus is more effective than internal focus in adults; therefore, physical therapists should instruct adult clients to focus their attention externally to facilitate motor learning. Physical therapists working with children should perhaps direct the client's attention internally; however, further study is needed.
Authors: Darin A Padua; Lindsay J DiStefano; Timothy E Hewett; William E Garrett; Stephen W Marshall; Grace M Golden; Sandra J Shultz; Susan M Sigward Journal: J Athl Train Date: 2018-01-09 Impact factor: 2.860
Authors: Ingrid P A van der Veer; Evi Verbecque; Eugene A A Rameckers; Caroline H G Bastiaenen; Katrijn Klingels Journal: PLoS One Date: 2022-08-25 Impact factor: 3.752
Authors: Alice Haniuda Moliterno; Fernanda Vieira Bezerra; Louanne Angélica Pires; Sarah Santos Roncolato; Talita Dias da Silva; Thais Massetti; Deborah Cristina Gonçalves Luiz Fernani; Fernando Henrique Magalhães; Carlos Bandeira de Mello Monteiro; Maria Tereza Artero Prado Dantas Journal: Biomed Res Int Date: 2020-07-22 Impact factor: 3.411
Authors: Victoria W K Chow; Toby J Ellmers; William R Young; Toby C T Mak; Thomson W L Wong Journal: Front Neurol Date: 2019-01-09 Impact factor: 4.003