BACKGROUND/AIMS: Histopathology is essential in the diagnostic workup of most liver diseases. However, biopsy sampling might carry risks, is subject to sampling error, and does not provide dynamic tissue imaging. Therefore a newly developed miniaturised confocal probe was evaluated for in vivo microscopic imaging in rodent models of human liver diseases. METHODS: The handheld laparoscopy probe used a 488nm single line laser for fluorophore excitation. Optical slice thickness was 7 microm, lateral resolution 0.7 microm. Imaging depth was 0-250 microm below the tissue surface. Imaging using different fluorescent staining protocols was performed in healthy mice, IFN-gamma- and IL-12-induced hepatitis, after bile duct ligation, and in ob/ob mice. RESULTS: Confocal imaging permitted microscopic imaging of the liver in vivo at high resolution. Landmarks of liver diseases such as inflammatory infiltration, steatosis, bile duct proliferation, pericellular fibrosis and perfusion anomalies could be characterised, localised and differentiated in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: In vivo confocal microscopy with this newly developed probe allows real-time subsurface imaging and characterisation of normal and pathologic liver tissue at high resolution. Since this technology is suited for laparoscopy in humans, it has the potential to impact on the diagnostic workup of liver diseases and to permit dynamic monitoring of (patho-)physiologic events in vivo.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Histopathology is essential in the diagnostic workup of most liver diseases. However, biopsy sampling might carry risks, is subject to sampling error, and does not provide dynamic tissue imaging. Therefore a newly developed miniaturised confocal probe was evaluated for in vivo microscopic imaging in rodent models of humanliver diseases. METHODS: The handheld laparoscopy probe used a 488nm single line laser for fluorophore excitation. Optical slice thickness was 7 microm, lateral resolution 0.7 microm. Imaging depth was 0-250 microm below the tissue surface. Imaging using different fluorescent staining protocols was performed in healthy mice, IFN-gamma- and IL-12-induced hepatitis, after bile duct ligation, and in ob/ob mice. RESULTS: Confocal imaging permitted microscopic imaging of the liver in vivo at high resolution. Landmarks of liver diseases such as inflammatory infiltration, steatosis, bile duct proliferation, pericellular fibrosis and perfusion anomalies could be characterised, localised and differentiated in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: In vivo confocal microscopy with this newly developed probe allows real-time subsurface imaging and characterisation of normal and pathologic liver tissue at high resolution. Since this technology is suited for laparoscopy in humans, it has the potential to impact on the diagnostic workup of liver diseases and to permit dynamic monitoring of (patho-)physiologic events in vivo.
Authors: Richard C Newton; David P Noonan; Valentina Vitiello; James Clark; Christopher J Payne; Jianzhong Shang; Mikael Sodergren; Ara Darzi; Guang-Zhong Yang Journal: Surg Endosc Date: 2012-04-26 Impact factor: 4.584
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Authors: Sebastian Foersch; Axel Heimann; Ali Ayyad; Gilles A Spoden; Luise Florin; Konstantin Mpoukouvalas; Ralf Kiesslich; Oliver Kempski; Martin Goetz; Patra Charalampaki Journal: PLoS One Date: 2012-07-24 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Yami Shapira; Meirav Katz; Muhammad Ali; Michael Kaplan; Eli Brazowski; Zamir Halpern; Eran Elinav Journal: PLoS One Date: 2009-03-10 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Aqib H Zehri; Wyatt Ramey; Joseph F Georges; Michael A Mooney; Nikolay L Martirosyan; Mark C Preul; Peter Nakaji Journal: Surg Neurol Int Date: 2014-04-28