Disease-specific quality indicators, guidelines, and outcome measures in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

The assessment of quality of care is becoming increasingly important, but as yet no standard set of measures to assess quality has been developed. The ACR Quality Measures Committee has selected the following areas of study to develop quality indicators: diagnostic/classification criteria, outcome measures/response criteria, treatment guidelines/management recommendations, definition of quality indicators, and definition of data collection systems. The aim of the present review is to evaluate existing guidelines and outcome measures concerning disease/activity monitoring, autoantibody and laboratory assessment, outcomes, and therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that could be used to define disease-specific quality indicators. Much data is available in the literature that could serve to define a starter set of quality indicators for SLE. Monitoring issues are discussed in the ACR and EULAR recommendations. As far as therapy is concerned, the ACR has provided indicators for rheumatoid arthritis that could also be applied to SLE, as well as indications for anti-malarial monitoring. The outcomes measures most frequently used in SLE are damage and death, but organ-specific definitions of outcome and response are being evaluated. The development of quality measures for SLE is just beginning; existing information could serve to construct a starter set of indicators such as the one proposed here. Certainly much progress will be made in the near future. A practical, user-friendly tool for physicians that will help them deliver high quality care to populations is also needed.