BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is known to be associated with a range of adverse outcomes, which have an impact atthe societal level and are therefore of public concern. AIMS: To examine the epidemiology and methods for measuring six adverse outcomes in schizophrenia: violence, victimisation, suicide/self-harm, substance use, homelessness and unemployment. METHOD: A review ofthe literature was carried out for each adverse outcome, with attention to critical appraisal of existing measurement tools. RESULTS: Schizophrenia is associated strongly with all six outcomes, although research has mainly focused on violence. Each outcome acts as a risk factor for at least some of the other outcomes. There are few standardised or validated measures for these 'hard' outcomes. Each measure has inherent biases but a growing trend is for these to be minimised by using multiple measures. CONCLUSIONS: A single instrument which systematically measures multiple societal outcomes of schizophrenia would be extremely useful for both clinical and research purposes.
BACKGROUND:Schizophrenia is known to be associated with a range of adverse outcomes, which have an impact atthe societal level and are therefore of public concern. AIMS: To examine the epidemiology and methods for measuring six adverse outcomes in schizophrenia: violence, victimisation, suicide/self-harm, substance use, homelessness and unemployment. METHOD: A review ofthe literature was carried out for each adverse outcome, with attention to critical appraisal of existing measurement tools. RESULTS:Schizophrenia is associated strongly with all six outcomes, although research has mainly focused on violence. Each outcome acts as a risk factor for at least some of the other outcomes. There are few standardised or validated measures for these 'hard' outcomes. Each measure has inherent biases but a growing trend is for these to be minimised by using multiple measures. CONCLUSIONS: A single instrument which systematically measures multiple societal outcomes of schizophrenia would be extremely useful for both clinical and research purposes.
Authors: Jodi L Viljoen; Jennifer L Beneteau; Erik Gulbransen; Etta Brodersen; Sarah L Desmarais; Tonia L Nicholls; Keith R Cruise Journal: Int J Forensic Ment Health Date: 2012-11-06
Authors: W Wolfgang Fleischhacker; Celso Arango; Paul Arteel; Thomas R E Barnes; William Carpenter; Ken Duckworth; Silvana Galderisi; Lisa Halpern; Martin Knapp; Stephen R Marder; Mary Moller; Norman Sartorius; Peter Woodruff Journal: Schizophr Bull Date: 2014-04 Impact factor: 9.306
Authors: Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz; Syed Rahman; Antti Tanskanen; Maila Majak; Juha Mehtälä; Fabian Hoti; Erik Jedenius; Dana Enkusson; Amy Leval; Jan Sermon; Heidi Taipale; Jari Tiihonen Journal: Schizophr Bull Date: 2019-06-18 Impact factor: 9.306