OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to demonstrate the process of detaching neural and surface ectodermal layers soon after the neurulation completes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Specific pathogen-free chicken egg embryos were used to investigate the neurulation procedure. Ten eggs were saved as controls. The other ten eggs were opened at the 30th hour of embryo development and cultured with Z-VAD-FMK (peptide caspase inhibitor) to investigate the results of the apoptosis inhibition. Embryos were placed and developed up to 48 h in the culture medium. To detect apoptotic cells between neural and surface dermal layers, immunoreactivity of p53 and terminal uridine deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay were used. RESULTS: While the control group shows positive immunoreactivity of p53 and TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells at the site where the neural folds detach from the surface ectoderm, no TUNEL activity and no detachment were detected in the apoptosis-inhibited group. CONCLUSION: As inhibition of apoptosis prevented the detachment of the neural and surface ectodermal layers from each other at the end of the neurulation, inhibition of apoptosis seemed to cause a considerable embryological error accounted for congenital dermal sinus tractus maldevelopment.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to demonstrate the process of detaching neural and surface ectodermal layers soon after the neurulation completes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Specific pathogen-free chicken egg embryos were used to investigate the neurulation procedure. Ten eggs were saved as controls. The other ten eggs were opened at the 30th hour of embryo development and cultured with Z-VAD-FMK (peptide caspase inhibitor) to investigate the results of the apoptosis inhibition. Embryos were placed and developed up to 48 h in the culture medium. To detect apoptotic cells between neural and surface dermal layers, immunoreactivity of p53 and terminal uridine deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay were used. RESULTS: While the control group shows positive immunoreactivity of p53 and TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells at the site where the neural folds detach from the surface ectoderm, no TUNEL activity and no detachment were detected in the apoptosis-inhibited group. CONCLUSION: As inhibition of apoptosis prevented the detachment of the neural and surface ectodermal layers from each other at the end of the neurulation, inhibition of apoptosis seemed to cause a considerable embryological error accounted for congenital dermal sinus tractus maldevelopment.
Authors: Ahmet Sukru Umur; Mehmet Selcuki; Adem Bursali; Nurcan Umur; Burcu Kara; H Seda Vatansever; Yusuf Kurtulus Duransoy Journal: Childs Nerv Syst Date: 2012-01-14 Impact factor: 1.475
Authors: Valentina Massa; Dawn Savery; Patricia Ybot-Gonzalez; Elisabetta Ferraro; Anthony Rongvaux; Francesco Cecconi; Richard Flavell; Nicholas D E Greene; Andrew J Copp Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2009-05-06 Impact factor: 11.205