Structural and electrical remodeling as therapeutic targets in heart failure.

Heart failure is a progressive clinical syndrome that is characterized by remodeling of the myocardium in response to various stress signals. The past several years has seen remarkable progress in unraveling the molecular and cellular mechanisms of structural and electrical remodeling in HF. Improved understanding of the molecular mechanism of myocardial remodeling has resulted in improved HF therapies and revealed potentially novel therapeutic targets. This review discusses the mechanisms of myocardial remodeling in HF and their clinical manifestations. Current and investigational HF therapies targeting these mechanisms also will be discussed.