pH sensing in living cells using fluorescent microspheres.

Intracellular pH in living cells is measured in real time at the single cell level using fluorescently covalently loaded microspheres as efficient carrier systems and stable sensors. The use of these sensors immobilized covalently onto polymeric particles allows analysis of intracellular pH flux over long period of time and eliminates the disadvantages such as dilution within the cell, elimination via leakage or compartmentalization.