Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus-infected young adult.

Perinatally infected children represent a large proportion of the youth living with human immunodeficiency virusinfection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Because of nonadherence to treatment, an increasing number of perinatally acquired HIV-infected adolescents and young adults are showing virologic failure and immune suppression. We report a case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy secondary to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a perinatally HIV-infected young adult, occurred shortly after the revision of an antiretroviral regimen. The patient showed marked improvement with the combination of corticosteroid and antiretroviral treatment.